Animal physiotherapist

Animal physiotherapists help animals that have undergone medical and surgical treatment to recover through a process of rehabilitation

As an animal physiotherapist, you'll cover the treatment of domestic pets, farm animals and exotic pets - though horses, dogs and cats are the most common. Typical procedures include assessment, massage, ultrasound, electrotherapy, exercise and owner education and advice.

By applying physiotherapy techniques and procedures, you'll work to restore and maintain mobility, function, independence and performance in the animals you treat.

Common treatments include the management of joint or spinal problems and rehabilitation after fractures or injury, which normally require several or a longer course of sessions.

Animal physiotherapists are also known as veterinary physiotherapists.

Types of animal physiotherapy

You may specialise in one area of animal physiotherapy, such as:

• hydrotherapy
• small animal physiotherapy
• large animal physiotherapy
• horse and rider.

Most animal physiotherapists are self-employed and decide for themselves whether they want to work across the full spectrum or specialise. Your professional qualification will prepare you equally for work with small or large animals, but you may have to undertake further courses to perform specialised procedures.

Responsibilities

As an animal therapist, you'll:

• treat a range of complaints, including spinal problems, joint problems and injuries to muscles, ligaments and tendons
• facilitate post-surgical rehabilitation
• devise exercise regimes for a range of conditions, from neurological conditions, to obesity, to preventative physiotherapy.

You'll also need to:

• provide advice on adapting an animal's living environment
• administer patient records.

Salary

• Animal physiotherapists usually start on around £24,000.
• Experienced animal therapists (with more than five years' experience) can earn £25,000 to £40,000.
• Senior veterinary physiotherapists and consultants may earn up to £65,000 a year.

Many animal physiotherapists are self-employed and charge per appointment, which typically lasts one hour. Rates start from £25 per appointment and reach £70 for longer appointments or more complex procedures.

Some self-employed animal physiotherapists are also trained human physiotherapists and offer 'horse and rider' physiotherapy consultations. The additional skill usually attracts higher income or rates.

Self-employed animal physiotherapists charge extra to cover the travel to their clients' home or yard/workplace.

Income figures are intended as a guide only.

Working hours

For full-time contracts the typical working hours are 37.5 per week, Monday to Friday. Part-time contracts are also common, and hours vary depending on the needs of the practice.

What to expect

• Jobs are available in all locations across the country, including many rural areas where there is a high concentration of horse races.
• If you decide to open your own practice, be prepared to travel often and over large distances. A driving licence will be essential.
• It's essential to establish a good relationship with local veterinary practices, as you can't treat animals unless they are referred to you by a veterinary surgeon.
• Whether you work for a practice or are self-employed, you'll need to apply for professional indemnity and public liability insurance (PLI).
• Exercising animals and carrying equipment can be physically challenging and therefore the job requires a good level of fitness.

Qualifications

Currently, animal physiotherapy is not a protected title, so a variety of training routes are available. Regardless of the route you take, the job requires higher education training. However, you can choose what level of qualification you would like to study for.

Check the minimum education prerequisites with any professional bodies you would like to join so you know what is required. Joining organisations before completing your training is advised, as they provide excellent networking opportunities as well as advertise upcoming jobs. Many organisations offer reduced membership rates for students.

The most common routes into the profession are:

• an undergraduate degree in human physiotherapy or veterinary nursing, followed by postgraduate training in animal/veterinary physiotherapy
• an undergraduate degree in veterinary physiotherapy, currently offered by Harper Adams University and Moreton Morrell College, part of Warwickshire College.

The postgraduate training offered is typically either at MSc or PGDip level.

Opportunities for in-house animal physiotherapists appear rarely, so many animal physiotherapists choose to be self-employed. If you are thinking about starting your own business, consider taking up a business course to learn about the administrative, legislative and accounting aspects of running a business.

Skills

To become an animal physiotherapist, you'll need to demonstrate a:

• genuine concern for the wellbeing and health of animals
• real interest in anatomy and physiology.

You'll need to have the following skills:

• strong interpersonal and communication skills
• teamwork
• an aptitude for problem solving
• analytical skills
• administrative and record-keeping skills.

You'll also need to be:

• patient, sensitive, tactful and persistent
• flexible and adaptable.

If you're thinking about starting your own business, you'll need entrepreneurial and enterprise skills.

Work experience

Work experience is essential, not only for securing your first job but also often for being accepted onto the relevant study programmes. When checking the programme make sure you know if they require you to have prior work experience and how much they're looking for.

Your work experience is likely to be voluntary, and due to a practice's insurance policy, what you can do might be limited. However, this is an opportunity for you to watch surgeons, nurses and specialists perform their day-to-day duties. Don't be afraid to ask questions - the more you ask, the more you learn and the more likely you are to get involved with more advanced patient care procedures.

Very few structured work experience schemes exist, however contacting employers directly and networking can often lead to volunteering opportunities, as the people who run veterinary practices and other animal healthcare organisations are likely to relate to your position.

Find out more about the different kinds of work experience and internships that are available.

Employers

Most animal physiotherapists are self-employed and advertise their services through social media, websites and professional bodies.

Professional bodies may advertise jobs on their websites, through their newsletters and on their social media platforms.

Forming and maintaining positive links with your local veterinary surgeries is essential, as animals need to be referred by a veterinary surgeon. Veterinary practices are also more likely to pay for your services directly to support their in-patients if they have a good relationship with you.

Look for vacancies at:

• Vetclick
• Vet Times Jobs
• VetRecord Careers.

Professional development

Once you start working as an animal physiotherapist, you're expected to keep up with the developments in animal healthcare, take part in continuing professional development (CPD), and attend conferences and seminars.

CPD training will allow you to further increase your knowledge, specialise and practice in a particular area of physiotherapy, or learn about ways of working with less common animals. You may need to complete some specific CPD training to perform certain procedures, for example, hydrotherapy.

You can learn about any upcoming CPD or further development opportunities through your professional body membership. Some of the largest are as follows:

• The Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Animal Therapy (ACPAT) - professional network of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP), which represents the interests of chartered physiotherapists in animal therapy
• The Institute of Registered Veterinary and Animal Physiotherapists (IRVAP) - represents a group of professionals working in animal therapy and healthcare, committed to linking a sound scientific knowledge base to current clinical practice
• International Association of Animal Therapists (IAAT) - an international group of therapists, run by its members for its members
• The National Association of Veterinary Physiotherapists (NAVP) - aims to link a strong foundation of scientific knowledge with clinical practice and continued research. The association played a role in developing the first direct entry routes for veterinary physiotherapy training, at both postgraduate and undergraduate level
• Register of Animal Musculoskeletal Practitioners (RAMP) - intended to help veterinary surgeons and animal owners choose professionals providing chiropractic, osteopathic and physiotherapy techniques.

Career prospects

Your career prospects and progression will depend largely on your own choices. Through CPD training you may choose to further specialise in a specific field of animal physiotherapy, such as neurorehabilitation or myotherapy. Once you have acquired sufficient practical and research experience in your chosen field you may wish to work as a lecturer or a consultant.

If you're employed, you may find opportunities for promotion to more senior or leadership positions. Or if you have your own established practice, you may wish to employ other animal physiotherapists to support your client base.

A good way to develop your professional networks and additional transferable skills is through active participation in your professional bodies, where, depending on your organisation, you may choose to take on additional responsibilities, from membership of a committee to more senior leadership roles.