Overview of the UK's IT industry

The UK's IT industry continues to go through major changes in order to remain at the forefront of cutting edge technology, with jobs in tech ranging from software development and technical support to leading the way in cyber security, cloud computing and AI

What areas of IT can I work in?

According to CompTIA's State of the Tech Workforce UK report, the tech sector employed just over two million workers in 2022, with tech employment expected to increase by 1% in 2023.

In addition, the UK Tech Ecosystem update - a Tech Nation report supported by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport and the Digital Economy Council - revealed that there's been a huge push to encourage talent to enter the industry, with over two million open vacancies.

So, if you possess the relevant knowledge and technical skills, you could work in:

applications development
computer forensics
content management
cyber security and risk management
data analysis and analytics
game development
geographical information systems (GIS)
hardware engineering
information management
IT consultancy (business and technical)
IT sales
multimedia programming
software engineering (designing, building, developing and testing)
systems/network management
technical support
telecommunications
web design/development.

For instance, your job may involve creating applications or systems, solving problems with technology, or supporting those who use it. Employers in the IT industry also require graduates to work in their business, marketing, human resources (HR) and finance functions.

Many IT professionals also choose to work outside the sector, such as in the IT departments of retail, finance, manufacturing and public sector organisations.

Who are the main IT graduate employers?

Large and global companies include:

Accenture
Amazon
Apple
Capgemini
Cisco
Cognizant
Dell
FDM Group
Fujitsu
Google
IBM
Infosys
Intel
Meta (Facebook)
Microsoft
Oracle
Rockstar Games
Samsung
Softcat
Ubisoft.

Major telecommunications companies include:

BT Group (EE, Openreach, Plusnet)
Sky UK
TalkTalk
Telefónica UK (O2)
Three
Vodafone.

As the sector is fast-moving and dynamic, there are many smaller businesses and tech start-ups that are worth seeking out for entry-level job opportunities. For example, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the IT industry provide a range of specialist services and typically offer consultancy and technical roles.

IT professionals are also employed to work in many other job sectors, including:

Financial services - recruiters such as Barclays, Citigroup, Deloitte, J.P. Morgan and Morgan Stanley are looking for IT graduates to work with the latest technologies. These include jobs with a focus on artificial intelligence (AI), cloud services, virtual reality software development, robotics process automation, user experience (UX) or analytics.
Manufacturing - multinational engineering companies in the oil, pharmaceuticals, automotive and energy industries need IT specialists to work on the processes and technologies that underpin their operations. For instance, aerospace and defence innovator MBDA requires software engineers with programming language skills.
Public sector - local authorities, central government and the National Health Service (NHS) all recruit IT professionals to keep their systems running smoothly, deliver projects and analyse data efficiently so it can be used to make major decisions.
Retail - major online and high street retailers such as Amazon, Tesco, TJX Europe and John Lewis look to technology graduates to develop new systems and apps, while rolling out technological solutions that satisfy their customers' needs.

Consider what you can do with a degree in computer science or information systems.

Explore the range of technical careers on offer at IT graduate jobs.

Where can I find IT jobs in the UK?

Most employers expect you to have gained some technical knowledge of IT, although any relevant work experience or internship would be beneficial as you seek your first role.

You can search for graduate jobs in IT or visit the websites of major IT and telecommunications companies to browse job opportunities and explore their technology graduate schemes.

Vacancies for entry-level and graduate jobs can also be found on specialist IT recruitment sites, including:

IT jobs in the public sector can be found on websites such as:

In addition, you can look for IT vacancies on general jobs websites, as employers across all sectors require graduates to fill IT and computing roles in their organisations.

Another option is to find an IT apprenticeship, as you'll be able to learn on the job while studying towards a recognised certification.

How do I apply for IT roles?

An IT CV, also known as a technical CV, can be used to apply for roles such as web developer, IT consultant, software tester or applications developer.

Include an introductory paragraph that mentions your technical expertise and experience and incorporate a 'key skills' heading that allows for more detail when discussing technical competencies.

While you might be tempted to showcase all your technical abilities at once, ensure that you highlight relevant skills first and foremost. You should also bear in mind that the document will need to be understood by non-technical people such as HR managers.

Use this CV template to focus on your:

ability to maintain existing software applications and develop new ones
experience of applying technical standards, theories and techniques
problem-solving capabilities
communication skills.

What's it like working in IT?

Graduates entering the IT industry in the UK can expect:

An average starting salary - according to High Fliers' The Graduate Market in 2024 report, starting salaries for technology jobs with organisations featuring in The Times Top 100 Graduate Employers are £33,000.
Long working hours - employers tend to emphasise completing a task or project over maintaining standard 9am-5pm office hours.
Opportunities to work abroad - many large IT companies have branches or subsidiaries in other countries.
The chance to be self-employed - it's not unusual for graduates to go freelance, work as a contractor or even start their own companies.
A constantly changing industry - as new technologies and software are developed, it's important to keep your skills up to date to remain at the top of your profession.

To find out more about salaries and working conditions for specific roles, explore our IT job profiles.

Can I do an IT internship?

Internships in the IT sector offer valuable opportunities for aspiring professionals to gain practical experience, develop technical skills, and build a strong network within the industry.

These programmes allow students to work on real-world projects, apply theoretical knowledge, and learn problem-solving techniques.

Internships also provide a chance to connect with industry professionals, build relationships, and gain valuable mentorship.

You can complete an IT internship in a number of areas, including:

cybersecurity
database management
network engineering
software development
systems administration.

Graduate recruiters that offer IT internships include:

For more information, see our general advice on internships.

If you're unsure about which IT path to pursue, consider participating in spring weeks. These unique programmes provide a condensed introduction to IT, typically lasting for one to two weeks during the Easter break.

Students in the first or second year of an undergraduate degree have the chance to collaborate with experienced professionals and attend workshops or seminars. Having experience on a CV can make a significant difference in securing full-time employment after graduation.

IT organisations that run spring weeks include:

Spring weeks can be highly competitive, so it's recommended that you apply early in the academic year to increase your chances of securing a placement.

What are the IT skills shortages?

Representing over 800 member organisations, industry trade association techUK has highlighted the need for the UK's growing digital skills gaps to be addressed to remain at the forefront of innovation and research and development (R&D).

Nimmi Patel, techUK's skills and diversity programme manager, explains, 'The UK's tech sector is growing at 2.5 times the rate of the rest of the economy creating exciting jobs that require a range of skills and talent - but the UK is still facing a major digital skills shortage. To effectively prepare our workforce in an ever-changing digital economy, we need to inspire and support people into digital roles.

'There are a number of vocational and academic pathways that can provide people with the right technical skills to flourish in the industry, but the IT industry needs more than developers and programmers,' adds Nimmi.

Indeed, TechNation's People and Skills Report 2022 showed that while the number of advertised tech jobs had risen to a remarkable two million, higher than any other area of the UK jobs market, many employers are still unable to fill their vacancies.

The top in-demand skills were those associated with data, followed by management, engineering and security.

The top roles employers were looking to fill included:

software developer
business analyst
Java developer
DevOps engineer
project manager
data analyst.

What about trends in the IT industry?

In its Digital in Business Life Report 2023: Security, professionalism and priorities for 2023 report, BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, spoke with IT leaders and digital professionals on their confidence in the government's strategy on digital and their priorities for 2023.

Driven by the advancements in digital technologies and the need to remain secure, the report revealed how both sets of respondents had made cyber security their main technological priority.

This was followed by cloud and business process automation for IT leaders, with these two priorities placed the other way round for digital professionals.

While over a tenth (12%) of IT leaders admitted that cyber security was their main concern, only 7% thought that their organisations had enough resources to achieve these technology priorities - 11% of digital professionals thought this goal could be achieved.

Both groups were in agreement regarding the need for enhanced IT capabilities and skills in the existing workforce, with two-thirds of those surveyed highlighting this. To fill these capability gaps, four-fifths (79%) of IT leaders thought this could be done through upskilling/on-the-job training.

Other priorities for everyone included AI, aiming for net zero, the as-a-service model (for example, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, X-aaS), Agile methods, the internet of things and DevOps.

The manipulation of data is a skill that cannot be overlooked, especially with the rise in awareness of the data scientist role. There are other considerations too, such as the effect that current or incoming legislation will have on GDPR-related jobs. This would have an implication for big data professionals who would require skills in AWS, Python, Hadoop, Spark, Cloudera, MongoDB, Hive, Tableau and Java.

The Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) has highlighted how the entertainment sector, which incorporates, music, video and games, hit £11.08billion in UK sales in 2022 - as it enjoyed its tenth successive year of growth.

This means that careers in the media, music and video gaming industries are also viable routes for technology graduates.

Find out more

Read about diversity in the tech industry.
Explore how to upgrade your skills with an IT course.
Take the Tech Career Quiz from BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT.